Concetta D'Amato - GEOframe developer

 

Niccolò Tubini - GEOframe developer

 

Marialaura Bancheri - GEOframe Developer

 

Giuseppe Formetta - GEOframe Developer

 

Riccardo Rigon - GEOframe developer

 

Riccardo Rigon.  


I was a Ph.D. student at the University of Trento.  I lived between Trento and Venezia (Venice) but I am from Vicenza, all in Italy. I also lived in College Station (TX, Texas A&M) and Fort Collins (CO, Colorado State University) and visited frequently Boston (well was long time ago, MIT).  Now I am pretty stable in Trento where I work as Professor.    I graduated in Physics and have a Ph.D. in Hydrodynamics.  You can see more about me at the CV pages on the AboutHydrology blog  I started the GEOframe project

email: riccardo.rigon <at> unitn.it, Website, Linkedin - Twitter - Research Gate - Google Scholar

Day 7 - Looking forward

We really enjoyed to work with this year students. We had an average synchronous participation of 25 but others were following asynchronously. The work is not finished until everybody who wants complete their exercise on a catchment. That will be the also the requirement to have recognized  the credits, besides the certificate of participation. The GEOframe crew will be happy to give you support for the next two months for complete the tasks required. New stuff is incoming in GEOframe that is a living a growing system. For that you will be alerted through the WinterSchool mailing list and the post in this blog. 

The first news is that we are:

• smoothing down the process to create HRUs with the help of  the friends of Hydrologis. A preview of the tool is working under the stand-alone Horton Machine, of which you can learn in this AboutHydrology blogpost. 

The second, this is an old new)  is that GEOframe is not limited to models based on partial differential equations. We have also WHETGEO 1D (and 2D incoming) which stands for Water, HEat and Transport in GEOframe:

• WHETGEO-1D. Developed by Niccolò Tubini for his P.h.D. e used it extensively in our class of hydrology. Therefore for the documentation in Italian, you can give a look to here.  We will provide soon documentation in English
• Lysimeter GEO.  Being developed by Concetta D'Amato for her Ph.D. , building on the shoulders of Niccolò and dr. Michele Bottazzi's  (GS) Prospero model.  On Lysimeter Pro you can find two webinar in English that can also partially serve to introduce WHETGEO-1D. They are at this link. 

The local (uniTrento) GEOframe crew repeated indefinitely within the screens. From left: Giuseppe , a little in front, Concetta , on the back Riccardo, then Martin and Niccolò.

Next year School will be in two session. The first one in December, possibly the 15-16-17 to make installations, extracting the geomorphology of the catchments, preparing and interpolating the datasets. This will be held in remote, as this year. The second one, between 10 and 14 of January, both included, for evaporation, transpiration, rainfall-runoff, exploring alternatives, finalizing student's work.  Use GEOframe and spread it around! If you would like to become a developer, please let's us know. We will provide the appropriate training. 

Previous Day

Index of The School

GWS2021 - Day 6 - Adding features to the rainfall-runoff modelling

GEOframe aims to simulate the whole hydrological cycle. About evaporation and transpiration was already talked about on Day 4 However, several other aspects can be accounted for in GEOframe for obtaining a realistic representation of the hydrological cycle. The scope of this day is to progressively introduce new aspects and features. 

• Simplified snow models
• VIMEO2021
• For more information about snow

• Adding features: Interception, Propagation, Muskingum, adding a reservoir
• VIMEO2021
• About the .sim files fields to run Net3
• VIMEO2021
• A video that helps to create ERM .sim files

References about GEOframe/NewAGE/ERM

Previous Day

Index of The School

Next Day

GWS2021 - Day 5 - Rainfall Runoff

Finally we go to the core of the School, the modelling of the Hydrological cycle. However treating the geomorphology and the inputs was hydrological modelling too. According to the rule garbage in - garbage out, whatever the core models are, their result cannot be any good if the inputs are wasted.

• What are models in Hydrology ? (Vimeo2021, YouTube2020)
• Hydrological Dynamical Systems (Vimeo 2021)
• The representation of Hydrological Dynamical System  (Vimeo 2021)
• Further readings: a blogpost from EGU

• A few reservoirs connected together (single catchment/node)
• Vimeo2021
• Quickly browsing the .sim file of these few reservoirs
• The Net3 Graph  
• Vimeo2021
• Another view of the Net3 graph (for sending in parallel various independent measurements (Vimeo2021)

• A little about models calibration
• Generalities 
• VIMEO 2021
• Illustrating the .sim file of a subset of the Embedded Reservoir models
• VIMEO 2021

General references to Rainfall-Runoff

Beven, K. (2012), Ranfall Runoff, the primer, Wiley-Blackwell

Rigon, R., Bancheri, M., Formetta, G., & de Lavenne, A. (2015). The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, http://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3855

References besides the one already used

For seeing how to represent lumped hydrological models (you can give a look to this paper here)

• Abera, W.W. (2016), Modelling water budget at a basin scale using JGrass-NewAge system. PhD thesis, University of Trento
• Bancheri, Marialaura (2017) A flexible approach to the estimation of water budgets and its connection to the travel time theory. PhD thesis, University of Trento.
• Bancheri, M., Serafin, F., & Rigon, R. (2019). The Representation of Hydrological Dynamical Systems Using Extended Petri Nets (EPN). Water Resources Research, 8(01), 159–27. http://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025099
• Bancheri, M., Rigon, R., & Manfreda, S. (2020). The GEOframe-NewAge Modelling System Applied in a Data Scarce Environment. Water, 12(1), 86–24. http://doi.org/10.3390/w12010086
• Formetta, Giuseppe (2013) Hydrological modelling with components: the OMS3 NewAge-JGrass system. PhD thesis, University of Trento.
• Formetta, G., Antonello, A., Franceschi, S., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2014). Hydrological modelling with components: A GIS-based open source framework, 55(C), 190–200. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.019
• Patta, C, Costruzione di un modello idrologico di stima della disponibilità idrica in area pedemontana, Tesi di laurea (in Italian), Politecnico di Torino, 2018
• 
  
• For open questions about rainfall-runoff see also the Meledrio Posts.

Previous Class

School Index

Next Class

Day 4 - Evaporation and Transpiration

Evapotranspiration accounts for most of fifty percent of the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We illustrate here some ways to estimate it with the tools offered by the GEOframe system. 

• Momentum and water vapor transport in atmosphere (YouTube2020)

• Evaporation as Energy flow (YouTube2020)

• A little of exercise with Radiation

• Derivation of the simplified energy budget (a là Penman-Monteith after Schymanski and Or) 

• Simplifications relatives of PMSO (YouTube2020)

• Evaporation from soil (YouTube2020)

• Estimation of Soil Evaporation with Priestley-Taylor

• A simple representation on how transpiration works at plants level (from Khan Academy)
• Transpiration (YouTube2020)

• From leaves to canopies (YouTube2019 Video, YouTube2020)

• Estimation of Evaporation and Transpiration with Prospero
• Values of Wilting Point and Field Capacity parameters (Table 19)
• Values of depletion fraction parameter (Table 22)

References

• Bonan, Gordon. 2019. Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling. Cambridge University Press. (And references therein, especially from chapter 8 to 11)
• Bottazzi, Michele. n.d. “Transpiration Theory and the Prospero Component of GEOframe.” Supervised by R. Rigon and G. Bertoldi. Ph.D., Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering of University of Trento. (And references therein. Look expecially at chapter 2 and 3)

AboutHydrology Resources

• Here: from the AboutHydrology blog in general. 
• Here: Estimation of Soil-Plants-Atmosphere interactions with Lysimeter GEO 1D

Next day

Index of the School

Previous day

Day 3 - Exercises by Students

 Participants to the GEOframe Winter School are assumed to perform the analysis of a catchment. Here we are collecting their work  areas, and in the next weeks, hopefully, the result of their work. 

So, please do not hesitate to communicate to us which catchment you are thinking about. in FIFO order:

• Poschiavo valley - Roberta Perico 
• Sarca River - Sara Modanesi
• Blue Nile - Martin Jean-Luc Emile Morlot
• A little bibliography here: Abera, Wuletawu, Luca Brocca, and Riccardo Rigon. 2016. “Comparative Evaluation of Different Satellite Rainfall Estimation Products and Bias Correction in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) Basin.” Atmospheric Research 178-179 (September): 471–83.
  
  Abera, Wuletawu, Giuseppe Formetta, Luca Brocca, and Riccardo Rigon. 2017. “Modeling the Water Budget of the Upper Blue Nile Basin Using the JGrass-NewAge Model System and Satellite Data.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21 (6): 3145–65.
• Isarco/Eisack - Sofia Farina
• Rio Gadera  - Valentina Premier
• Vijosa - Marta Crivellaro
• Guadalfeo  - Pedro Torralbo Muñoz
• Flumendosa (see picture here) - Salvatore Urru e Alessandro Seoni
• Hydrological impacts of surface elevation and spatial resolution in statistical correction approaches: Case study of Flumendosa Basin, Italy, Perra, E., Viola, F., Deidda, R., Caracciolo, D., Paniconi, C., Langousis, A.., Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2020, 25(9), 05020032
• Investigating the effect of different downscaling techniques on the simulated hydrologic cycle of a Mediterranean catchment. Perra, E., Viola, F., Deidda, R., Caracciolo, D., Paniconi, C., Langousis, A.  EGU 2019, Vienna.
• Torrente Galitello (Basento) - Arianna Mazzarielli
• Brahmaputra - Walter Samuel 
• El Awali (Lebanon) - Nicola D'Alberton
• Nera (Italy) - Shima Azimi
• Mella (Italy) - Paolo Colosio
• Sesia (Italy) - Gaia Roati

• What else - Who Else ?

Previous day

Index of the School

Next day

Material for day second (January 8 2021) - Spatial interpolation and kriging

 

You can download the material for day second (January 8 2021) from this link.

 

 

After unzipping the folder you can see the typical structure of a OMS project. This is better explained in this previous blogpost. If you are reading this in advance, please take a little time to understand what OMS is and why it is like this.

 

During day 2 (8 Jan 2021) we will move to the "classical" interpolation problem: kriging algorithm will be explained and applied for interpolating measured rainfall and air temperature to each hillslope of the main river basin. All the material come with the .zip file, however, for your convenience, the slides are also available separately at the link below.

 

The theoretical part of the class in subdivided in three parts:

•    The spatial interpolation problem and the kriging algorithm: the concept 

•    The kriging algorithm: the equations 

Data Analysis with Pithon, Jupyter and Pandas

• The experimental and theoretical variogram

• The leave-one-out (LOO)

Exercises

In the OMS3 project distribute you will find:

•    data, a folder containing the model input

•    simulations, a folder containing the scripts for executing the models.

•    doc containing the pdf of the lectures

•    Jupyter containing a group of notebooks which illustrate the inputs and outputs of the simulations

What the other folders contain is explained in the OMS3 related post (see The OMS working environment).

Further information on the tools used and reference to the material of the previous Winter Schools can be found here.

 

References

•    Bancheri, M., Serafin, F., Bottazzi, M., Abera, W., Formetta, G., and Rigon, R.: The design, deployment, and testing of kriging models in GEOframe with SIK-0.9.8, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2189–2207, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2189-2018, 2018

•    Kitanidis, P. K. (1997). Introduction to geostatistics: applications in hydrogeology. Cambridge university press.

Material for day first (January 7 2021) - Catchment delineation and Geomorphology

 You can download the material for day first (January 7 2021) from this link.

After unzipping the folder you can see the typical structure of a OMS project. This is better explained in this previous blogpost. If you are reading this in advance, please take a little time to understand what OMS is and why it is like this.

During day 1 (7 Jan 2021) we will focus on the geomorphological analysis of a river basin. Starting from a digital elevation model we will extract the main river basin and we will split it the hillslope-link structure appropriate for executing the GEOframe models. All the material come with the .zip file, however, for your convenience, the slides are also available separately at the link below.

 The theoretical part of the class in subdivided in three parts:

•   Principal geomorphological attributes theory 

• Principal gemorphological attributes practice

• Principal derived quantities and river network extraction

• Principal derived quantities with the Horton Machine

• Watershed Partitioning

• Watershed partitioning in practice

• A python script is also available for some additional work on maps (waiting for the definitive HortonMachine Tool). The python script is PyQGIS.py

For the exercises

In the OMS3 project distribute you will find:

•    data, a folder containing the model input

•    simulations, a folder containing the scripts for executing the models.

•    doc containing the pdf of the lectures

•    Jupyter containing a group of notebooks which illustrate the inputs and outputs of the simulations

What the other folders contain is explained  in the OMS3 related post (see The OMS working environment).

Further information on the tools used and reference to the material of the previous Winter Schools can be found here.

 

References

 

•    Various information from the AboutHydrology Blog

•    Rigon, R., I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, A. Rinaldo, A. Maritan, A. Giacometti and D. Tarboton, On Hack’s law, Water Resources Research, 32(11), 3367, 1996

•    R.Rigon, E. Ghesla, C. Tiso and A. Cozzini, The Horton Machine, pg. viii, 136, ISBN 10:88-8443-147-6, University of Trento, 2006

•    W. Abera, A. Antonello, S. Franceschi, G. Formetta, R Rigon , "The uDig Spatial Toolbox for hydro-geomorphic analysis" in Geomorphological Techniques, v. 4, n. 1 (2014), p. 1-19

Previous topic/day

Index of the GWS2021

Next Topic (Spatial interpolation of data)

GWS2021 Participants

 Not yet a complete list of all of the participants. Many are to shy to send their two slides resume (someone put 4).  If you want to  see them, click on the figure below.

Enjoy for their enthusiasm!

Previous topic/day

Index of the GWS2021

Next Topic (Geomorphology and Catchment delineation)

Installations for Mac Users

The main reference for Mac OS users remains the first post. Please give a look in any case to the slides and the videos.  

First installation is made with the installer found at the Anaconda site:

https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual

You have 2 options: Installing the graphical interface or installing the command line (Teminal) interface.

graphic interface: https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.11-MacOSX-x86_64.pkg

terminal interface: https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.11-MacOSX-x86_64.sh

After having installed Anaconda, please dowload the Python4GEOframe env:

https://github.com/geoframecomponents/python4GEOframe

if you download the zip file, you have subsequently to unzip it. Then within the terminal go into the directory/folder where you have save the unzipped files and execute:

(base) your environment here ~ % conda env create -f geoframe_rossano.yaml

The environment creation can take several minutes. After it has been created you can start the Jupiter lab environment by issuing the command:

(base) your environment here ~ % jupyter lab

You finally get the entry point for workin in Jupyter lab. Several Kernel are visible. During the GWS2021 we'll use the Python 3 Kernel, the first one on the top left.

Previous topic/day

Index of the GWS2021

Next Topic (Participants to GWS2021)