How to check Java and Java home on Macs

To understand which Java you have

• Open Terminal.
• First confirm you have JDK by typing “which java”. It should show something like /usr/bin/java.
• Check you have the needed version of Java, by typing “java -version”. 
• If you do not have Java JDK, install it. Please the Java Development Kit. Not the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). To get use either the adoptJDK site or the Zulu site. For the present GEOframe system, the JDK 8 is necessary (Geotools do not work with Java 9 or more). Reasons why Oracle sites are not preferable are well documented here.

To set Java Home

• JAVA_HOME is essentially the full path of the directory that contains a sub-directory named bin which in turn contains the java.
• For knowing where it is, at the terminal prompt issue the command: %/usr/libexec/java_home -V
• If you installed the adoptJDK, your directory should be something — /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home

Setting JAVA_HOME for use of Java from Terminal

• Set JAVA_HOME using this command in Terminal:  export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home
• Finally issue: echo $JAVA_HOME on Terminal to confirm the path

You should now be able to run your applications from the terminal

How to install the Object Modelling System Console on Windows 10

1) Download openJDK 8 LTS from

https://adoptopenjdk.net/

2) Install it

3) Open a command prompt and run the command:

java -version

It should return:

openjdk version "1.8.0_232"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 1.8.0_232-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 25.232-b09, mixed mode)

4) Download the Object Modeling System console version 3.6.28 from

https://alm.engr.colostate.edu/cb/wiki/16961

5) Unzip the Object Modeling System console and run the console.bat file

6) In the console setting, select the panel Run and set the Java path (see screenshot) to the previously installed JDK which usually is:

C:\Program Files\AdoptOpenJDK\jdk-8.0.232.09-hotspot

(please check the correct JDK version first)

GEOframe Winter School 2020 - It is time to apply !

The second edition on the Winter School on GEOframe will be held between January 8 and 17, 2020 in Trento, Italy.  The course is devoted to Ph.D. Students, Post-docs, Young researchers (and Professionals!) interested in estimating all the components of the hydrological cycle (rainfall, evapotranspiration, snow-melting, and river discharge).  The system they will learn allows to work out very small catchments and continental basins as well (e.g. Abera et al., 2017a,b) up to build operational solutions as the one used in in Basilicata.

The aim of the course is to enable participants to run their own simulations and eventually on their own catchments and estimate the hydrological budget components.
With respect to the 2019 Winter School, there will be more practice and more detailed work on evapotranspiration and rainfall-runoff. It will be much more focused on exercises and on getting the water budget performed under various hypotheses on models' structure.

Website for the enrollment go here.

For the hole definitive material of the School go here. 

The provisional topics will be:

Teachers will be:

Prof. Riccardo Rigon, Ph.D.

Prof. Giuseppe Formetta, Ph.D.

Marialaura Bancheri, Ph.D.
Niccolò Tubini, Ph.D. student

The topics (links added after the School):

• Day 1 -   Installation of the Infrastructure and Jupyter - Getting started with OMS and Jupyter lab (Rigon, Formetta, Tubini)
• Day 2-   Hydrologic Response Units delineation and treatment of spatial features (Rigon, Formetta, Tubini).
• Day 3/4- Interpolation of hydrometeorological datasets and elements of parameters calibration with LUCA and particle swarm tools ((Rigon, Formetta, Tubini)
• Day 5 - Estimation of evaporation and transpiration  (Bancheri, Rigon, Formetta, Tubini)
• Day 6/7 - Rainfall-Runoff (Bancheri, Rigon, Formetta, Tubini)
• Day 8 - A little on Travel Times - Richards Equation 1D (Bancheri,  Formetta, Tubini)

To have an idea of the topics, the interested researchers should give look at the material (slides, video etc. of the 2019 Winter School).  The material of the first three days remains very similar (but refined) to the old one. Therefore, for students is possible also to participate only to the second week (at the same cost, but saving some lodging) but, in that case, is mandatory to follow the on-line courses and tutorials  relative of 8-9-10 January topics and having done the exercises before December 15. We will offer prompt online support to them up to that date and no support whatsoever on the same topics later or  between 13-17 of January for clear reasons of course efficiency and organisation.  The refined material of the first three days will be available on the Winter School website  from November 15, 2019.

With respect to the 2019 School, there will be more practice and more detailed material on Evapotranspiration and Rainfall-Runoff. For every 40 minutes of talk there will be 70 minutes of supervised exercise for a total of 8 hour a day of activities. 

Cost of the School is 350 Euros for who will subscribe before November 15, 400 Euros for others. A discount of 20 Euros is granted to fellows of the Italian Hydrological Society (subscriptions for students are available at the IHS-SII site for 10 Euros to students and 20 to seniors). Who attended the last year school can participate free of charge, upon subscription. Inclusive of the costs will be coffee breaks and lunch at the Cafeteria of Department of Civil, and one social dinner for all the schoolmates Environmental and Mechanical Engineering. 

Website for the enrollment go here.

For any further information, please fill free to contact me at riccardo.rigon <at> unitn.it

Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Rainfall-Runoff

Here we are introducing some modules for rainfall runoff modelling present in GEOframe. Some of them where actually refined for the Civil Protection of the Basilicata Region.

Schedule

• Deconstructing the catchment (YouTube video)
• The Embedded Reservoir Model (YouTube video). On this I was maybe not clearly enough. ERM in itself is not clear on the fact that ERM is not a model in the traditional sense. It is actually the composition of four components. For instance, the runoff one is a simple non linear reservoir. Working with sim files, we can rearrange them also in different ways and obtain different "modelling solutions"
• TheNet3 Infrastructure (YoutTube Video)
• LUCA (YouTube video)
• Examples of Application
• The Posina Catchment (Abera et al., 2017a)(YouTube video)
• The Blue Nile (Abera et al. 2017b) (YouTube video)
• The Basilicata Civil Protection (YouTube video)

Exercises

• The set of sim files and the Jupyter notebook are here
• The Python script by Christian Massari to create automatically the required subfolders. It is here.

General references to Rainfall-Runoff

Beven, K. (2012), Ranfall Runoff, the primer, Wiley-Blackwell

Rigon, R., Bancheri, M., Formetta, G., & de Lavenne, A. (2015). The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, http://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3855

References besides the one already used

For seeing how to represent lumped hydrological models (you can give a look to this paper here)

Abera, W.W. (2016), Modelling water budget at a basin scale using JGrass-NewAge system. PhD thesis, University of Trento

Bancheri, Marialaura (2017) A flexible approach to the estimation of water budgets and its connection to the travel time theory. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

Formetta, Giuseppe (2013) Hydrological modelling with components: the OMS3 NewAge-JGrass system. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

Formetta, G., Antonello, A., Franceschi, S., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2014). Hydrological modelling with components: A GIS-based open source framework, 55(C), 190–200. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.019

Patta, C, Costruzione di un modello idrologico di stima della disponibilità idrica in area pedemontana, Tesi di laurea (in Italian), Politecnico di Torino, 2018

For open questions about rainfall-runoff see also the Meledrio Posts.

Previous Winter School page

All Winter School pages

Next Winter School page 

Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Evaporation and Transpiration

Evapotranspiration accounts for most of fifty percent of the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We illustrate here some ways to estimate it with the tools offered by the GEOframe system. 

• Momentum and water vapor transport in atmosphere (YouTube video)
• Penman-Monteith according to Shymanski and Or (PMSO- YouTube video)
• PMSO with surfaces temperatures feedbacks (YouTube Video)
• Evaporation from soil and Traspiration mechanisms (YouTube Video)
• From leaves to canopies (YouTube Video)
• Documentation of GEOframe-NewAge component
• Jupyter notebook with exercises
• Live YouTube video on the sim files and Jupyter notebooks

Out of schedule (for Chhay)

• Budyko curves derivation

Exercises

• You can follow this Jupyter notebook

References

Primarily for historic papers browse to the list by Dennis Baldocchi

• Haghighi, E., Shahraeeni, E., Lehmann, P., & Or, D. (2013). Evaporation rates across a convective air boundary layer are dominated by diffusion. Water Resources Research, 49(3), 1602–1610. http://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20166
• Lehmann, P., & Or, D. (2013). Effect of wetness patchiness on evaporation dynamics from drying porous surfaces. Water Resources Research. http://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013737
• Or, D., Lehmann, P., & Shahraeeni, E. (2013). Advances in soil evaporation Physics - A review. Vadose Zone Journal.
• Schymanski, S. J., & Or, D. (2017). Leaf-scale experiments reveal an important omission in the Penman–Monteith equation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(2), 685–706. http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-685-2017
• Schymanski, S. J., Or, D., & Zwieniecki, M. (2013). Stomatal Control and Leaf Thermal and Hydraulic Capacitances under Rapid Environmental Fluctuations. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e54231–16. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054231
Stroock, A. D., Pagay, V. V., Zwieniecki, M. A., & Michele Holbrook, N. (2014). The Physicochemical Hydrodynamics of Vascular Plants. Annual Rev. Fluid Mech., 46(1), 615–642. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141411

See also the discussions here:

• The vapour budget
• Soil-Plants fluxes

And the mini-series: 

• The man who planted trees.

Previous Winter School page

All Winter School pages

Next Winter School page 

Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Radiation budget

After having spent time on preparatory topics, but before facing the hydrological processes, we need to cope with solar radiation. The topic was already treated in other posts. However not often in English.

Some very elementary slides about the sun:

• The Sun
• Stefan-Boltzmann law
• From Sun to Earth

Now some more complicate topics

• Copying with Earth Surface
• Shortwave absorptions by the atmosphere (YouTube video)
• Considering clouds (YouTube video)
• Shortwave-Terrain geometries (YouTube video)
• Longwave radiation (YouTube video)
• Table of Symbols

Documentation of the components

• Clearness Index
• Longwave radiation budget
• Shortwave radiation
• Net radiation

Exercises illustrated by Jupyter notebooks by Michele Bottazzi

• Here the link to Jupyter notebooks
• Here the live stream on YouTube (Part I and Part II)

References

Corripio, J. G. (2002). Modelling the energy balance of high altitude glacierised basins in the Central Andes. Ph.D Dissertation, 1–175.

Corripio, J. G. (2003). Vectorial algebra algorithms for calculating terrain parameters from DEMs and solar radiation modelling in mountainous terrain, 17(1), 1–23.

Formetta, G., Rigon, R., Chávez, J. L., & David O. (2013). Modeling shortwave solar radiation using the JGrass-NewAge system. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(4), 915–928. http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-915-2013

Formetta, G., Bancheri, M., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2016). Performance of site-specific parameterizations of longwave radiation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(11), 4641–4654. http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4641-2016

Previous Winter School page

All Winter School pages

Next Winter School page 

Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Kriging interpolation

Third and fourth days of the Winter School on the GEOframe system about GEOframe are dedicated to interpolation by using Kriging and the use of Particle Swarm Calibrator.

• The Kriging's equations (YouTube video)
• Variography (YouTube video)
• The GEOframe Spatial interpolation Package (SIK) (YouTube video)
• Error estimation (leave one out) within SIK (YouTube video)
• Illustration of the.sim Files 
• Execute the experimental (semi)variogram (YouTube video)
• Fitting the theoretical (semi)variogram (YouTube video)
• The leave-one-out (YouTube video)
• Using the Particle swarm (YouTube video)
• Obtaining one single point estimate with Kriging in SIK (YouTube video)
• Obtaining a raster of estimated with Kriging in SIK (YouTube video)
• Again on .sim files (YouTube video)
• Using QGIS for obtaining the centroids of subbassins  (YouTube video)
• Exercises 
• zip files containing Jupyter notebooks
• Illustration on the Jupyter Notebooks by Niccolò Tubini (Live YouTube video)
• A little about parameter calibration (maybe with a little critical tone ?) (YouTube video)

References

For general information about spatial interpolation of hydrological quantities, please see also "Rainfall and Temperature interpolation", on this blog

• Marialaura Bancheri, Francesco Serafin, Michele Bottazzi, Wuletawu Abera, Giuseppe Formetta, and Riccardo Rigon, The design, deployment, and testing of kriging models in GEOframe with SIK-0.9.8, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2189–2207, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2189-2018
• Andràs Bardossy, Introduction to Geostatistics, year unknown.
• Goovaerts, P. (1997). Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation (pp. 1–488). New York : Oxford University Press.
• P.K. Kitanidis, Introduction to GEOstatistics, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626166

Previous Winter School page

All Winter School pages

Next Winter School page