GSW2020 - Photos and material

You can see here some photos of the GEOframe Winter School 2020. The material and the final refine OMS/GEOframe GWS2020 project can be found on

• Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/3627007#.Xir75CN7nb0. 

It contains all the needed input and output files for executing the School's project. It will not work if you do not do all the right operation. Therefore, please browse the school material in order starting from the first post.

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GWS2020 - The Bonus II: Richards equation treated better better than in Hydrus 1D

The second bonus of the GEOframe Winter School on GEOframe is about the Richards' equation. Here we present the ongoing work by Niccolò Tubini (AboutHydrology) in his doctorate. In particular he is presenting how his code is working and why we believe it is a good code.

The presentation by Niccolò is divided into 2 parts: I and II.  The illustrated Jupyter Notebook as wells as the codes can be dowloaded from Github. There you can find also the Jupyter Notebooks and also browse the other software, including the Richards1D version coupled with the energy budget.

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GWS2020 - The Bonus I: A little on Travel Times

In the last days of the GEOframe WinterSchool 2020, most of the time was dedicated to simulating with the software but we also give a little clue on  topics that we could not expand more. This is the case of travel times modelling (and/or residence time).  Here Marialaura Bancheri (GS, Abouthydrology) talks a little about the theory and the applications she did mainly in her thesis.

You can watch the video of her talk here.  So far we did just the application that can be seen In Marialaura's thesis which are mostly demonstrative that real. Soon, however, in the project WATZON, we will use them massively.

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GWS2020 - Rainfall Runoff

Here we are introducing some modules for rainfall runoff modelling present in GEOframe.  We also maintain some material of the 2019 GEOframe Winter School that can be though interesting.

• The GEOframe type of models (YouTube2020)
• Representing the Hydrological Dynamical Systems (YouTube2020)
• The Embedded Reservoir Model (YouTube2020)
• The ERM sim file (Part I, II, III)
• The Net3 Graph
• LUCA calibration of the ERM
• Examples of Application
• The Posina Catchment (Abera et al., 2017a)(YouTube2019)
• The Blue Nile (Abera et al. 2017b) (YouTube2019)
• The Basilicata Civil Protection (YouTube2019)

• Net3 (YouTube2020)
• LUCA (YouTube2020)

Cavone River Exercise

• Part I (YouTube2020), Part II (YouTube2020), Part III (YouTube2020)

Goodness of fit notebooks

• Here

General references to Rainfall-Runoff

Beven, K. (2012), Ranfall Runoff, the primer, Wiley-Blackwell

Rigon, R., Bancheri, M., Formetta, G., & de Lavenne, A. (2015). The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, http://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3855

References besides the one already used

For seeing how to represent lumped hydrological models (you can give a look to this paper here)

Abera, W.W. (2016), Modelling water budget at a basin scale using JGrass-NewAge system. PhD thesis, University of Trento

Bancheri, Marialaura (2017) A flexible approach to the estimation of water budgets and its connection to the travel time theory. PhD thesis, University of Trento.


Bancheri, M., Serafin, F., & Rigon, R. (2019). The Representation of Hydrological Dynamical Systems Using Extended Petri Nets (EPN). Water Resources Research, 8(01), 159–27. http://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025099

Bancheri, M., Rigon, R., & Manfreda, S. (2020). The GEOframe-NewAge Modelling System Applied in a Data Scarce Environment. Water, 12(1), 86–24. http://doi.org/10.3390/w12010086

Formetta, Giuseppe (2013) Hydrological modelling with components: the OMS3 NewAge-JGrass system. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

Formetta, G., Antonello, A., Franceschi, S., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2014). Hydrological modelling with components: A GIS-based open source framework, 55(C), 190–200. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.019

Patta, C, Costruzione di un modello idrologico di stima della disponibilità idrica in area pedemontana, Tesi di laurea (in Italian), Politecnico di Torino, 2018

For open questions about rainfall-runoff see also the Meledrio Posts.

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GWS2020 - Evaporation and Transpiration

Evapotranspiration accounts for most of fifty percent of the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We illustrate here some ways to estimate it with the tools offered by the GEOframe system. 

Radiation

We do not cover radiation in this school. We will just use it. For people interested, however, they can give a look to the material of 2019 School here.


The 2020 material

• Momentum and water vapor transport in atmosphere (YouTube2020)
• Evaporation as energy flow (YouTube2020)
• Derivation of the simplified energy budget (a là Penman-Monteith after Schymanski and Or) (YouTube2020)
• Simplified relatives of PMSO (YouTube2020)
• Leaf Temperature feedbacks
• Transpiration (YouTube2020)
• Further discussions on resistances and the physiology of plants in this video. 
• Evaporation from soil (YouTube2020)
• From leaves to canopies (YouTube2019 Video, YouTube2020)

The 2019 material

• Momentum and water vapor transport in atmosphere (YouTube2019)
• Penman-Monteith according to Shymanski and Or (PMSO- YouTube2019)
• PMSO with surfaces temperatures feedbacks (YouTube 2019)
• Evaporation from soil and Traspiration mechanisms (YouTube2019)
• From leaves to canopies (YouTube2019 Video)
• Documentation of GEOframe-NewAge component 2019
• Jupyter notebook with exercises
• Live YouTube video on the sim files and Jupyter notebooks

Out of schedule (for Chhay)

• Budyko curves derivation

Exercises

• You can follow this Jupyter notebook

References

Primarily for historic papers browse to the list by Dennis Baldocchi

• Haghighi, E., Shahraeeni, E., Lehmann, P., & Or, D. (2013). Evaporation rates across a convective air boundary layer are dominated by diffusion. Water Resources Research, 49(3), 1602–1610. http://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20166
• Lehmann, P., Assouline, S., & Or, D. (2008). Characteristic lengths affecting evaporative drying of porous media. Physical Review E, 77(5), 354–16. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.77.056309
• Lehmann, P., & Or, D. (2013). Effect of wetness patchiness on evaporation dynamics from drying porous surfaces. Water Resources Research. http://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013737
• Or, D., Lehmann, P., & Shahraeeni, E. (2013). Advances in soil evaporation Physics - A review. Vadose Zone Journal.
• Schymanski, S. J., & Or, D. (2017). Leaf-scale experiments reveal an important omission in the Penman–Monteith equation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(2), 685–706. http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-685-2017
• Schymanski, S. J., Or, D., & Zwieniecki, M. (2013). Stomatal Control and Leaf Thermal and Hydraulic Capacitances under Rapid Environmental Fluctuations. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e54231–16. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054231
• Shokri, N., & Or, D. (2011). What determines drying rates at the onset of diffusion controlled stage-2 evaporation from porous media? Water Resources Research, 47(9), 584–8. http://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010284
• Stroock, A. D., Pagay, V. V., Zwieniecki, M. A., & Michele Holbrook, N. (2014). The Physicochemical Hydrodynamics of Vascular Plants. Annual Rev. Fluid Mech., 46(1), 615–642. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141411

See also the discussions here:

• The vapour budget
• Soil-Plants fluxes
• Stomatal resistance and Evapotranspiration

And the mini-series: 

• The man who planted trees.

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The Jupyter notebooks and OMS project repository for the WSG2020

During the classes we use several Jupyter notebooks. You can find them at the appropriate OSF page:

Jupyter Notebooks

So if you search a notebook and you do not know where to find them: they are here.

The OMS project used is instead here:

Overall OMS3 project (available on Zenodo). It contains all the software used in the school.

GWS2020 - Interpolationg Hydro-meteorological data with Kriging

The third  day of the Winter School on the GEOframe system 2020 is about GEOframe are dedicated to interpolation by using Kriging and the use of Particle Swarm Calibrator.

• The Kriging's equations (YouTube2019 - Slides were a  little modified for 2020, YouTube2020)
• Variography (YouTube video 2019, YouTubeVideo2020)
• The GEOframe Spatial interpolation Package (SIK) (YouTube2019, YouTube2020)
• Error estimation (leave one out) within SIK (YouTube video 2019, YouTube2020)

Exercises 2020

• Jupyter notebooks
• Illustration of the.sim Files 
• Execute the experimental (semi)variogram (YouTube2019, YouTube2020)
• Fitting the theoretical (semi)variogram (YouTube2019 ,YouTube2020)
• Using the Particle swarm with SIK (YouTube2019 ,YouTube2020)
• The leave-one-out (YouTube2019 ,YouTube2020)
• Obtaining one single point estimate with Kriging in SIK (YouTube2019)
• Obtaining a raster of estimated with Kriging in SIK (YouTube2019)
• Again on .sim files (YouTube video 2019 )
• The Particle Swarm optimization. (YouTube 2020: part I, part II)
• Estimating the average variogram over a period of time (YouTube 2020: part I, part II, part III)
• Using Kriging (YouTube2020)
• Leave One Out (YouTube2020)
• Net3 (YouTube2020)
• Some Other Issues (Part I YouTube2020 , Part II YouTube2020)

Exercises 2019

• zip files containing Jupyter notebooks
• Illustration on the Jupyter Notebooks by Niccolò Tubini (Live YouTube video 2019)
• A little about parameter calibration (maybe with a little critical tone ?) (YouTube video 2019)

References

For general information about spatial interpolation of hydrological quantities, please see also "Rainfall and Temperature interpolation", on the AboutHydrology blog

• Marialaura Bancheri, Francesco Serafin, Michele Bottazzi, Wuletawu Abera, Giuseppe Formetta, and Riccardo Rigon, The design, deployment, and testing of kriging models in GEOframe with SIK-0.9.8, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2189–2207, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2189-2018
• Andràs Bardossy, Introduction to Geostatistics, year unknown.
• Goovaerts, P. (1997). Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation (pp. 1–488). New York : Oxford University Press.
• P.K. Kitanidis, Introduction to GEOstatistics, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626166

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