Tuesday, February 19, 2019

Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Rainfall-Runoff

Here we are introducing some modules for rainfall runoff modelling present in GEOframe. Some of them where actually refined for the Civil Protection of the Basilicata Region.


Schedule

Exercises
  • The set of sim files and the Jupyter notebook are here
  • The Python script by Christian Massari to create automatically the required subfolders. It is here.
General references to Rainfall-Runoff

 Beven, K. (2012), Ranfall Runoff, the primer, Wiley-Blackwell

Rigon, R., Bancheri, M., Formetta, G., & de Lavenne, A. (2015). The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, http://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3855

References besides the one already used

For seeing how to represent lumped hydrological models (you can give a look to this paper here)

Abera, W.W. (2016), Modelling water budget at a basin scale using JGrass-NewAge system. PhD thesis, University of Trento

Bancheri, Marialaura (2017) A flexible approach to the estimation of water budgets and its connection to the travel time theory. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

Formetta, Giuseppe (2013) Hydrological modelling with components: the OMS3 NewAge-JGrass system. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

Formetta, G., Antonello, A., Franceschi, S., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2014). Hydrological modelling with components: A GIS-based open source framework, 55(C), 190–200. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.019

Patta, C, Costruzione di un modello idrologico di stima della disponibilità idrica in area pedemontana, Tesi di laurea (in Italian), Politecnico di Torino, 2018

For open questions about rainfall-runoff see also the Meledrio Posts.

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Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Evaporation and Transpiration

Evapotranspiration accounts for most of fifty percent of the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We illustrate here some ways to estimate it with the tools offered by the GEOframe system. 

Out of schedule (for Chhay)
Exercises
References

Primarily for historic papers browse to the list by Dennis Baldocchi
See also the discussions here:
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Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Radiation budget

After having spent time on preparatory topics, but before facing the hydrological processes, we need to cope with solar radiation. The topic was already treated in other posts. However not often in English.

Some very elementary slides about the sun:

Now some more complicate topics
Documentation of the components
Exercises illustrated by Jupyter notebooks by Michele Bottazzi
References

Corripio, J. G. (2002). Modelling the energy balance of high altitude glacierised basins in the Central Andes. Ph.D Dissertation, 1–175.

Corripio, J. G. (2003). Vectorial algebra algorithms for calculating terrain parameters from DEMs and solar radiation modelling in mountainous terrain, 17(1), 1–23.

Formetta, G., Rigon, R., Chávez, J. L., & David O. (2013). Modeling shortwave solar radiation using the JGrass-NewAge system. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(4), 915–928. http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-915-2013

Formetta, G., Bancheri, M., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2016). Performance of site-specific parameterizations of longwave radiation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(11), 4641–4654. http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4641-2016

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Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Kriging interpolation

Third and fourth days of the Winter School on the GEOframe system about GEOframe are dedicated to interpolation by using Kriging and the use of Particle Swarm Calibrator.


References



For general information about spatial interpolation of hydrological quantities, please see also "Rainfall and Temperature interpolation", on this blog




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Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Catchments and Hydrologic Response Units delineation

The second day of the Winter School on GEOframe is dedicated to the watershed delineation and hillslope extraction. First the relevant concepts are given. Then GEOframe (Horton Machine) tools are used to get the desired results.
Requirements: if not already done, install numpy and rasterio with anaconda. These will be used to visualise the maps produced by the OMS Horton Machine tools.

Day 2 actual schedule ... We recovered something from the first day.

Work in progress
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Material for the GEOframe Winter School - Getting Started with OMS and Jupyterlab

Day first of the Winter School on GEOframe was conceived to give people the taste of what OMS is and how to use it with Python lab. For the Installations, please refer to the Installation page. 
Not much information about Jupyterlab though. It will be given interactively using notebooks and explaining their contents.

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Material for the Winter School on the GEOframe System - Installations

The Winter School on the GEOframe system is approaching.  In this webpost you will find all the preparatory material of the school indexed.

Installations

You are not assumed to know Python or Java to participate to the School. However programs runs on Java.. We will not do any Java programming though.  Input/Output of models will be treated by using some scripting in Python. We will communicate the appropriate notions during the classes. However, for the interested there are plenty of courses on the web (for instance this comes from SciPy 2018. Other from SciPy here.)
  • Java. GEOframe and OMS are written in Java and they require to have installed Java on your computer. Here you can find instructions to install Java on your computer.  OMS need Java 8 JDK.  Please note that you need the Java Development Toolkit (JDK) installed not the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).  The official Oracle's pages are here. You can watch several videos for Windows: here. Googling you can get videos for your platform.
  • We are going to use Docker for our modelling. Therefore you need to install it (here for Linuxes) on your computer. To quickly understand what Docker is, you can see here. Or read this tutorial. This video could be useful too. The knowledge of Docker required will be extremely elementary. You will not be required to do Docker applications. You simply use one and, at the end, is just matter of executing a command. 
  • During the School we will use Jupyter and Python 3 for data management and visualisation. It would be great if you could arrive
    • The post at this link contains all the information needed. For installation of the software, we suggest Anaconda. For any problem contact us through the mailing list. 
    • To understand what a Jupyter notebook is about, please see its manual. However, we will use Jupyterlab.  (You can see a YouTube video about here).  One can think that Jupyter was heavily based on the look-and-feel of Mathematica notebooks: but Jupyterlab is a step ahead to something different. Installing Anaconda, you also have already installed Jupyter notebook. So you have just to try it issuing the command: 
      • Jupyter notebook
  • You still do not know what to do with it, but we will lear step by step during the Winter School
  • Finally, at least for MacOs user, due to a bug either in the Docker or in GEOtools, it is necessary to use the OMS Console.  You can download the beta 3.5.62 release from here.
  • If you want to further with Jupiter and Jupiterlab, you can  install BeakerX. For its installation, please follow verbatim the instructions here. The instructions given at the main page of BeakerX are incomplete ;-).
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Winter School on the GEOframe system

The course for doctoral students, post docs and young researchers in Hydrology, Forestry, and related disciplines will cover the simulation of the hydrological cycle of catchments of various sizes with the GEOframe system. To know about GEOframe and GEOframe-NewAGE, please refer to here.

They say that all models are wrong but useful. However, with better tools you forecast and decide better.

The course will enroll at most thirty students and will be held at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering of Trento from January 8 to January 18 included.
The course will be of totally 68 hours (8 a day) of which 34 (4 each day) will be dedicated to laboratory and personal work under the supervision of tutors. The course includes as option to get an exam certification, upon the completion of an exercise, to have doctoral credits.

Subscription at: https://webmagazine.unitn.it/en/evento/dicam/44808/geoframe-newage-winter-school

Instructors

  • Riccardo Rigon
  • Michele Bottazzi
  • Niccolò Tubini
with material prepared by
  • Giovanna Dalpiaz
  • Marialaura Bancheri


The  topics treated has been:


Why choosing GEOframe over other models/platforms ? I would say for:
  • Flexibility: GEOframe is not a model but a system of components that interact at run-time. You can chose among various components options for any of the processes.
  • Expandability: If you like to program, with a little investment in Java you can write your own component and make them to interact with the others without having to reinvent the wheel.
  • Parallelism. Components work in parallel when their tasks do not interact, but this is transparent for you (we call it implicit parallelism). 
  • Spatial discretisation. A catchment is subdivided in parts (HRU) which can be modeled separately and are computed in parallel. The network structure is used to achieve the spatial parallelism. Its spatial modularity can be used to add/cut part of the basins without having to redo the spatial analysis, for doing multisite calibration, to progress the analysis of a larger basin in parts that are assembled together eventually.
  • Beyond-state-of art components.  Besides traditional approach to processes, we implemented a few new ideas for all the processes we covered.
  • Reliability.  GEOframe is currently used for the flood forecasting in real time by Regione Basilicata. It is not just a system for research that does not work in real cases. 
  • Tracers studies. Not treated in the school are present tools for doing tracers studies,
  • Process based modelling.  Not treated in the school, we have tools for integrating Richards equation in 1D, and we are developing tools for integrating it in 2d and 3d coupling it with the energy budget. These components will be able to interact with the other. We also started new developments on freezing soil and snow modelling.

The cost of the course for early subscribers is 270 Euros which includes lunch and parsimonious coffee-breaks  Member of SII, The Italian hydrological Society have a discount of 20 Euros. Cost of late subscribers (after November 15, 2018) is 370 Euros. 

After November 15 some work will be required to participant in order to setup their tools for running GEOframe. Installation of Java (version 8), installation of the Object Modelling System console, Installation of Python and Python notebooks, testing the use of some file formats. After the accomplishment of the requirements, students will be allow to bring their own study cases at the School.

Who wants to have early information or clarifications can write to me: riccardo.rigon at unit.it. Subscription page at:

https://webmagazine.unitn.it/en/evento/dicam/44808/geoframe-newage-winter-school

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