GWS2022 - OMS3, the GEOframe system and Digital Earth Models

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These school days are dedicated to give people the taste of what OMS3 is and how to use it with Python lab. For the installation, please refer to the Installation page.

Tullio Pericoli, Piccoli lotti, 2013.

The materials and the presentations of these days are available here.

• The philosophy behind OMS/GEOframe (pdf)

• The GEOframe deployment (pdf)

• A brief introduction to the Object Modelling System (pdf, Vimeo)

• OMS User Manual - Introduction (pdf, epub)

• The OMS working environment (pdf, Vimeo)

• OMS User Manual - The working environment (pdf, epub)

• ex00_HelloWorld.sim (pdf, Vimeo, material)
• The existing manual excerpt (outdated but still useful) (pdf, epub)

• Time series in OMS (pdf, Vimeo, material)

• Working with a Time Series in Jupyter lab  (Vimeo, material)

• Time loop in OMS3, Reader and Writer .sim file (pdf, Vimeo, material)

• Simple reservoir model simulation (pdf, Vimeo, material)

• extra: how to implement it in Java

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GEOframe Winter School 2022 (GWS2022)

 December 20 - December 22, 2021
January 10 - January 14, 2022

Scientific Committee

Prof. Riccardo Rigon, Ph.D.; Prof. Giuseppe Formetta, Ph.D; Eng. Niccolò Tubini, Ph.D., Eng. Marialaura Bancheri, Ph.D.

Organizing Committee

Eng. Concetta D’Amato, Eng. Shima Azimi, M. Sc. Martin Morlot, Eng. Daniele Andreis, Eng. Gaia Roati, Eng. Riccardo Busti (the fantastic group of our Ph.D. students)

 

Partners

Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento

Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento

Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Ercolano NA, Italy

 

GENERALITIES

GEOframe is a system for doing hydrology by computer. By saying that it is a system, we emphasize that it is not a model but an infrastructure that can contain many differentiated modelling solutions (some tens of that) that are built upon model components. This is because GEOframe leverages on the Object Modelling system-framework (v3) that allows to connect modelling components to solve a specific hydrological issue together and having many alternatives for its mathematical/numerical description. This infrastructure allows adapting the tools to the problems and not vice versa. GEOframe has been applied to hydrological simulations from the point scale to large catchments as the Blue Nile, and among those is being deployed to the Po river (the largest in Italy) with great detail. GEOframe is open source and built with open source tools.

CONTENTS

GEOframe contains tens of components that cover rainfall-runoff, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, terrain analysis tools, interpolation models, calibrations tools, and so on. The Winter School is about using some of these tools to perform the hydrological budget of catchments. The core rainfall-runoff model is dynamical systems (systems of ordinary differential equations) and the school mainly treats their theory and their use in a contemporary way as summarized in these 7 steps. Besides the lectures and the hands-on sessions, the Summer School is the occasion for discussion and experience exchange among senior scholars and young researchers.

PARTICIPANTS' BACKGROUND

Admissions are reserved to up to 30, PhD students and postdoctoral students, young researchers willing to learn the use of the GEOframe tools envisioned for the study of infiltration, energy budget, vegetation transpiration, water budget with process-based models

All students are asked to upload a CV and a motivation letter when applying.

WORKLOAD AND CREDITS

The Winter School which is to be held in English, consists of 8 hours/day of activities for 8 days. The first three days, 20-22 of December, will be dedicated to the installation of the new version of GEOframe-OMS system tools. Lectures will be brief, dedicated to informatics and the exploiting of the concepts of modeling by components, Digital Twin Earth, and most of the time will be used for supporting participants’ installations.

The other five days (10-14 January) will cover:

• Catchment and Hydrologic Response Unit delineation

• Meteorological variables interpolation with Kriging techniques

• Simple evapotranspiration methods

• Snow models

• Radiation

• Rainfall-Runoff modelling

as explained in these 7 steps.

LOCATION & TIMING

University of Trento Polo Mesiano, H1 Room and Online. The three days on informatics and installations will be online. The others online and onsite. The time schedule will be 9-13 and 14-18 CET each of the days. Lectures and workouts will be recorded and immediately posted on the VIMEO Channel of the School and therefore they could be followed off line. Special agreement will be arranged for supporting abroad students with fuse issues.

PARTICIPATION COSTS

Registration deadline January 2, 2022, 12 p.m. (Italian time).

Subscription to the class is necessary for anyone to receive the information to participate.

Admissions are reserved to up to 30. The students at the University of Trento will be admitted to the School on a supernumerary basis.

The days in December will be held only on-line through Zoom.

A maximum of 15 people may attend the January days in person. In any case it will be possible to follow the School on-line through Zoom.

For those who want the certificate, the Course costs 180 Euros. In any case, the certificate is issued after the presentation of a small project of simulations for which appropriate tutoring will be given during and after the School.

The cost is free for:

• students of the Hydrological Modelling Classes at the University of Trento,

• Ph.D. students of the University of Trento DICAM and C3A programs,

• the participants of the WATZON and WATERSTEM PRIN projects,

• members of the Young Hydrological Society of the Italian Hydrological Society

• all who want to participate without having a certificate of GEOframe proficiency.

CONTACTS

For further information write to: abouthydrology@google.com or to the Secretary of the Class dott. Lorena Galante, lorena.galante@unitn.it

OTHER INFORMATION

 

The GWS2022 talks and labs  will be recorded and made publicly available during the School for self-training through the GEOframe blog (http://geoframe.blogspot.com). 

 

INDEX OF THE LECTURES for the inpatients (links to videos and material)

• DAY 1 - Installations

• DAY 1 - OMS3, the GEOframe system and Digital Earth Models

• DAY 1 - Generalities on Catchment Modelling - The Catchment geomorphological analysis and delineation

• DAY 2 - Data analysis of meteorological timeseries - Kriging interpolation, theory and practice

• DAY 3 - Radiation, Snow and EvapoTranspiration

• DAY 4 - Modelling the Hydrological cycle

• DAY 5 - Hydrometric signatures and satellite data

FORESEEN SCHEDULE

December 20: 

These days are dedicated to those who never approached the GEOframe system and pursue the understanding of  how it works. 

• Installations:
• Anaconda and set up of the virtual environment GEOframe_verona;
• Java (jdk 11);
• OMS console 3.6.28;
• QGIS (or other GIS software mainly for visualizing maps);
• Brief introduction to Jupyter notebooks and Python;
• Solving installation problem.

December 21-22:

• The philosophy behind OMS/GEOframe;
• The GEOframe deployment;
• A brief introduction to the Object Modelling System;
• The OMS working environment;
• The structure of a .sim file;
• The OMS console;
• Practical session on OMS;
• What are the Digital Twin Earth models;
• How to contribute to GEOframe.

January 10: 

This day is dedicated to watershed delineation and hillslope extraction. First the relevant concepts are given. Then the Horton Machine tools are used to get the desired results.

Morning session

• Planning the catchment analysis: the seven steps of hydrological analysis;
• The catchment landscape: form, organization, types;
• Hydrogeomorphology: the basic theory;
• Exercise with DEM for extracting the basic features.

Afternoon session

• Hydrogeomorphology: the derived quantities;
• Exercise with DEM for extracting the derived quantities;
• Hydrogeomorphology: hillslope-link partition of the basin;
• Exercise on hillslope-link partition of the basin;
• The GEOframe Input builder new tool.

January 11:

This day is dedicated to interpolate meteorological data with Kriging.

Morning session

• Practical session on data analysis;
• Normal score;
• The Kriging’s equations;
• Variography;
• The GEOframe Spatial Interpolation Package (SIK);
• Error estimation.

Afternoon session

• Exercise on SIK.

January 12:

Evapotranspiration accounts for most of fifty percent of the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We illustrate here some ways to estimate it with the tools offered by the GEOframe system.

Morning session

• Radiation;
• Exercise on radiation;
• Phase transformation, i,e the Clausius-Clapeyron equation;
• Momentum and water vapor transport in atmosphere;
• Evaporation as energy flow;
• Evaporation or transpiration?;
• The Priestly-Taylor model;
• The FAO model.

Afternoon session

• Exercise on Priestly-Taylor model and FAO model;
• Snow models: temperature index and Cazorzi Dalla Fontana;
• Exercise on modelling the snow water equivalent in GEOframe.

January 13:

Finally we go to the core of the School, the modelling of the Hydrological cycle. However treating the geomorphology and the inputs was hydrological modelling too. According to the rule garbage in - garbage out, whatever the core models are, their result cannot be any good if the inputs are wasted.

Morning session

• What are models in Hydrology?;
• Hydrological Dynamical System;
• The representation of Hydrological Dynamical System;
• Net3.

Afternoon session

• A few reservoir connected together in a single subbasin;
• Connect the subbasins by using the topology;
• Calibration with LUCA.

January 14:

GEOframe aims to simulate the whole hydrological cycle. About evaporation and transpiration was already talked about on Day 4. However, several other aspects can be accounted for in GEOframe for obtaining a realistic representation of the hydrological cycle. The scope of this day is to progressively introduce new aspects and features. 

 Morning session

• Adding the interception, routing and reservoirs;
• Set up the GEOframe-NewAge model.

Afternoon session

• Analysis of the results in light of streamflow signatures by using the hydroanalysis Python package.

Acknowledgements

This Winter School was partially supported by the WATZON PRIN project and the WATERSTEM PRIN project.

 

 

Specific Documentation

The specific documentation regards papers and thesis written on the GEOframe components used in this School. Other literature, of general interest,  is provided within the presentations given during the course. Practical documentation for any of the tasks is provided by means of Jupyter Notebooks, of which the general ones are reported below.

• Some essential about the Object Modelling System

• Bottazzi, Transpiration Theory and the Prospero component of GEOframe, M, Ph.D. Thesis

• David, O., Ascough II, J. C., Lloyd, W., Green, T. R., Rojas, K. W., Leavesley, G. H., & Ahuja, L. R. (2013). A software engineering perspective on environmental modeling framework design: The Object Modeling System. Environmental Modelling & Software, 39, 201-213.

• Fatichi, Simone, Enrique R. Vivoni, Fred L. Ogden, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Benjamin Mirus, David Gochis, Charles W. Downer, et al. 2016. “An Overview of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends in Distributed Process-Based Models in Hydrology.” Journal of Hydrology 537 (C): 45–60.

• Bottazzi, M., Bancheri, M., Mobilia, M., Bertoldi, G., Longobardi, A., & Rigon, R. (2021). Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions. Water, 13(9), 1221.

• Abera, W.W. (2016), Modelling water budget at a basin scale using JGrass-NewAge system. PhD thesis, University of Trento

• Bancheri, Marialaura (2017) A flexible approach to the estimation of water budgets and its connection to the travel time theory. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

• Bancheri, M., Serafin, F., & Rigon, R. (2019). The Representation of Hydrological Dynamical Systems Using Extended Petri Nets (EPN). Water Resources Research, 8(01), 159–27. http://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025099

• Bancheri, M., Rigon, R., & Manfreda, S. (2020). The GEOframe-NewAge Modelling System Applied in a Data Scarce Environment. Water, 12(1), 86–24. http://doi.org/10.3390/w12010086

• Busti, R. - The implementation and testing of different modeling solutions to estimate water balance in mountain regions, Realatori, Formetta, G. e Rigon, R.

• Formetta, Giuseppe (2013) Hydrological modelling with components: the OMS3 NewAge-JGrass system. PhD thesis, University of Trento.

• Formetta, G., Antonello, A., Franceschi, S., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2014). Hydrological modelling with components: A GIS-based open source framework, 55(C), 190–200. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.019

• Patta, C, Costruzione di un modello idrologico di stima della disponibilità idrica in area pedemontana, Tesi di laurea (in Italian), Politecnico di Torino, 2018

• Addor, N., Newman, A. J., Mizukami, N., & Clark, M. P. (2017). The CAMELS data set: catchment attributes and meteorology for large-sample studies. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(10), 5293-5313.

• Dal Molin,  Marco (2021). Improvement and application of flexible frameworks for modelling regional streamflow variability, Université de Neuchâtel.

• Molin, M. D., Schirmer, M., Zappa, M., & Fenicia, F. (2020). Understanding dominant controls on streamflow spatial variability to set up a semi-distributed hydrological model: the case study of the Thur catchment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(3), 1319-1345.

Installations of the 2021 GEOframe environment and related information

 In this post you will find all what is requested to run the GEOframe models and tools.  GEOframe requires Python and Java and it is built upon the OMS3 infrastructure. However, you are not requested or assumed to know them for using GEOframe. We will communicate the appropriate notions during the classes but the interested can find plenty of courses on the web.

A presentation was prepared to explain what to install and how. You can find it by clicking on the figure below.

Installations of OMS and GEOframe environment 2021.1 from Ri Rigon on Vimeo.

An installation of the OMS3/GEOframe environment 2020.1 - "Rossano" from Ri Rigon on Vimeo.

For any problem contact us through the mailing list https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/geoframe-winter-schools. 

What is actually installed and why

• Java. GEOframe and OMS are written in Java and they require to have installed Java on your computer. Here you can find instructions to install Java on your computer.  Java JDK is installed using the Anaconda package manager. So, essentially you do not have to take care of it.  If you want to do it differently,  please note that you need the Java Development Toolkit (JDK) installed not the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).  You can watch several videos for Windows here but Windows user can follow our previous blogpost.  For Macs, look at here. Googling you can get more videos and information. 
• OMS v 3 Console. It is possible to use Docker to execute the programs but, after the experience of the last year with Docker installations on Windows, we preferred to use directly the Console. The OMS system installation traditional information can be found here: https://alm.engr.colostate.edu/cb/wiki/16961 and https://alm.engr.colostate.edu/cb/wiki/17107.
  

• To start the Console from Windows, just click on the .bat file
• To start the Console from Mac OSX or Linux, open a Terminal and execute:
• % ./console.sh &
• The "&" just free the command line back and gives it back to you. 

• During the School we will use Jupyter and Python 3 for data management and visualisation. It would be great if you could arrive with Jupyter installed.
• The post at this link contains all the information needed. For installation of the software, we suggest Anaconda. 
• To understand what a Jupyter notebook is about, please see its manual. However, we will use Jupyterlab.  (You can see a YouTube video about here).  One can think that Jupyter was heavily based on the look-and-feel of Mathematica notebooks: but Jupyterlab is a step ahead to something different. Installing Anaconda, you also have already installed Jupyter notebook. You can open Jupyter lab by the Anaconda Console, or issuing the command  Jupyter lab at a terminal (called DOS prompt in Windows).

• The manual of Jupyterlab is here.
• BTW, it will be useful to have also a GIS of your choice installed. We suggest QGIS.

Go to Installations for Linux

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Go to the next task (Radiation for hydrologists)

The GEOframe Winter School 2021

The third edition of the Winter School on GEOframe (GWS2021) will be held between January 7 and 16, 2021 in Trento, Italy. The course is devoted to Ph.D. Students, Post-docs, Young researchers (and Professionals!) interested in estimating all the components of the hydrological cycle (rainfall, evapotranspiration, snow-melting, and river discharge). The system allows to work out catchments from very small to continental (e.g. Abera et al., 2017a,b), up to build operational solutions, as the one used in in Basilicata. The aim of the course is to enable participants to run their own simulations and, eventually, on their own catchments and estimate the hydrological budget components. Previous Winter school material is freely available at the GEOframe blog.
Compared to what was done in the past courses, there will be more practice and a more detailed work on evapotranspiration and rainfall-runoff. It will be much more focused on exercises and on getting the water budget performed under various hypotheses on models' structure.

Due to COVID-19/COVID-SARS-2 the lectures and the work will be limited to, at most, 10 people in presence but it will be possible to follow the class remotely either synchronous online and asynchronous online (we’ll use a “blended” type of teaching based on Zoom). There is no fee or subscription for the asynchronous classes (and no personal support, just the support coming through the geoframe users mailing list). Synchronous  classes with no personal support though require subscription and the payment of a small fee of 10 Euros or (for Italians) a subscription to the Italian Hydrological Society. However, who requires a certificate of participation, and want personal support, must pay a fee (150 euros). Getting the certificate will be subject to present a report and an analysis of a catchment performed with the GEOframe tools. Tourists are  welcomed but obviously real learning requires exercise and some effort.

Instructors will be

• Prof. Riccardo Rigon, Ph.D. (GS)
• Prof. Giuseppe Formetta, Ph.D. (GS)
• Ing. Marialaura Bancheri, Ph.D. (GS)
• Ing. Niccolò Tubini, Ph.D. candidate
• Ing. Concetta D’Amato, Ph.D student

Participants

• Participants resumè

Topics:

• Homework to do before the School - Installations and introduction to the Object Modelling System Infrastructure and Jupyter
• Homework -  Radiation for Hydrologists
• Day 1- Hydrologic Response Units delineation and treatment of spatial features
• Day 2- Interpolation of hydrometeorological datasets 
• Day 3 - Exercise with your own catchments under instructors supervision
• Day 4 - Evaporation and Transpiration with GEOframe-Prospero
• Day 5 - Modelling lumped models with GEOframe-ERM
• Day 6 - Adding features to your modellingg with ERM
• Day 7 - Looking forward

Next Day/Task

Subscriptions for having credits for this class and support can be obtained all year long after January 15,  2021: please visit https://webapps.unitn.it/form/en/Web/Application/winterschool/GEOframeWS2021 and compile the form or write to abouthydrology@gmail.con with subject: GWS2021 if you need more information. After payment of the fee you can have individual support and gain the participation certificate if you setup and perform an exercise with the GEOframe tools. You can do it on a your own catchment or we can provide you with a catchment and the required data. 

GSW2020 - Photos and material

You can see here some photos of the GEOframe Winter School 2020. The material and the final refine OMS/GEOframe GWS2020 project can be found on

• Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/3627007#.Xir75CN7nb0. 

It contains all the needed input and output files for executing the School's project. It will not work if you do not do all the right operation. Therefore, please browse the school material in order starting from the first post.

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